Conventions & Abbreviations
Contents
Conventions & Abbreviations#
These conventions and abbreviations will be used in the course.
Conventions for Akkadian#
Akkadian : italics
Sumerian: normal
Logograms: CAPITAL
Determinativ: superscript
Grammars#
GAG
Wolfram von Soden. Grundriss der akkadischen Grammatik. Number 33 in Analecta Orientalia. Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, Roma, 3 edition, 1995.
GoA
John Huehnergard. A Grammar of Akkadian. Number 45 in Harvard Semitic Studies. Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, 3., rev. ed. edition, 2011.
ABG
Michael P. Streck. Altbabylonisches Lehrbuch. Number 23 in Porta Linguarum Orientalium. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, vierte, überarbeitete auflage, revidierte ausgabe edition, 2021.
Dicctionaries#
AHw
Wolfram von Soden. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Unter Benutzung des lexikalischen Nachlasses von Bruno Meissner (1868–1947). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1959-1981.
CAD
A. Leo Oppenheim, Erica Reiner, and Martha T. Roth, editors. The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Glückstadt-Chicago, 1956–2010.
CDA
Jeremy Black, Andrew George, and Nicholas Postgate, editors. A concise dictionary of Akkadian. Number 5 in SANTAG. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 2., corr. printing edition, 2000.
Sign lists#
Labat
René Labat. Manuel d’épigraphie akkadienne. Geuthner, Paris, nouv. éd., rev. et corr., 5. ed. edition, 1976.ABAT 1976.
MZL
Rykle Borger. Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon. Number 305 in Alter Orient und Altes Testament. Ugarit-Verlag, Münster, 2., revidierte und aktualisierte auflage edition, 2010.
Bible Versions#
BHS The Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) is the successor to the Biblia Hebraica edited by Rudolf Kittel. To this day, it is the only complete scholarly edition of the Codex Leningradensis and contains all significant text variants and proposals for correction in the critical apparatus.
KJV In 1604, King James I of England authorized that a new translation of the Bible into English be started. It was finished in 1611, just 85 years after the first translation of the New Testament into English appeared (Tyndale, 1526). The Authorized Version, or King James Version, quickly became the standard for English-speaking Protestants. Its flowing language and prose rhythm has had a profound influence on the literature of the past 400 years. The King James Version present on the Bible Gateway matches the 1987 printing. The KJV is public domain in the United States.
Other Abbreviations and Conventions#
Abbreviation |
Meaning |
|---|---|
abs. |
absolute |
acc. |
accusative |
adj. |
adjective, adjectival |
adv. |
adverb, adverbial |
Akk. |
Akkadian |
App. |
Appendix |
bnd. |
bound (form) |
c |
common (gender) |
C |
(any) consonant |
ca. |
circa (about) |
cf. |
compare |
conj. |
conjunction |
dat. |
dative |
denom. |
denominative |
det. |
determinative |
DN |
divine name |
du. |
dual |
Dur. |
Durative |
esp. |
especially |
ext. |
extispicy |
f |
feminine |
fp |
feminine plural |
fs |
feminine singular |
gen. |
genitive |
GN |
geographical name |
Impv. |
Imperative |
Impf. |
Imperfect |
indef. |
indefinite |
Infin. |
Infinitive |
interrog. |
interrogative |
intr. |
intransitive |
LB |
Late Babylonian |
lex. |
lexical |
log. |
logogram, logographic |
lw. |
loanword |
m |
masculine |
MA |
Middle Assyrian |
masc. |
masculine |
MB |
Middle Babylonian |
MN |
month name |
mp |
masculine plural |
ms |
masculine singular |
n. |
noun |
NA |
Neo-Assyrian |
NB |
Neo-Babylonian |
neg. |
negation, negative |
nom. |
nominative |
OA |
Old Assyrian |
OAkk |
Old Akkadian |
OB |
Old Babylonian |
obl. |
oblique (case) |
obv. |
obverse |
occas. |
occasionally |
p. |
page |
Parad. |
Paradigm |
pass. |
passive |
Perf. |
Perfect |
pl. |
plural |
pl.tant |
|
PN |
personal name |
pos.suf. |
possessive suffix |
Prec. |
Precative |
Prep. |
preposition |
Pres. |
Present |
Pret. |
Preterite |
Prohib. |
Prohibitive |
pron. |
pronoun |
Ptcpl. |
Participle |
r. |
reverse |
rel. |
relative (pron., adj.) |
rev. |
reverse |
RN |
royal name |
s. |
singular |
SB |
Standard Babylonian |
sf. |
suffix(al) |
sg. |
singular |
so. |
someone |
sth. |
something |
st. constr. |
Construct State (status constructus) |
suff. |
suffix(al) |
Sum. |
Sumerian |
syl. |
syllable, syllabic |
tempus |
Tense |
tr. |
transitive |
V |
(any) vowel |
v., vbl. |
verb(al) |
Vent. |
Ventive |
Vet. |
Vetitive |
x |
illegible sign |
1 |
first person |
2 |
second person |
3 |
third person |
> |
becomes, goes to |
< |
develops, comes from |
* |
reconstructed/unattested form |
** |
ungrammatical form |
👉 |
see |
Terminology in Hebrew#
English |
Hebrew |
|---|---|
Noun |
שם |
Substantive |
שם עצם |
Adjective (adj.) |
שם תואר |
Masculine (m) |
זכר |
Femenine (f) |
נקבה |
Dual (du.) |
זוגי |
Plural (pl.) |
רבים |
Case |
יחסה |
Nominative Case (nom.) |
יחסת הנומינטיב |
Accusative Case (acc.) |
יחסת המושא |
Genitive Case (gen.) |
יחסת השייכות |
Construct, Construct state (St. Constr.) |
סמיכות |
Object |
מושא |
Adverb (adv.) |
תואר הפועל |
Declension |
הטיה |
Verb |
פועל |
Predicate |
נשוא |
Transitive verb (tr.) |
פועל יוצא |
Intransitive verb (intr.) |
פועל עומד |
Tense (tempus) ( |
זמן |
Modus, mode (in Akk. Subjunktive) |
מודוס |
Present, durativ (Pres.) |
הווה |
Imperfect (Impf.) |
עבר ממושך |
Preterite (Pret.) |
עבר |
Perfect (Perf.) |
עבר |
Imperative |
ציווי |
Prohibitive / Vetitive |
ציווי שלילי/איסור |
Precative |
משאלה |
Participle (Part., Participium) |
בינוני |
Infinitive (Inf.) |
מקור |
Stem (Stamm in German) |
בניין |
Root |
שורש |
Ventive |
ונטיב |
Active |
פעיל |
Passive |
סביל |
Stative |
סטטיב |
Pronoun |
כינוי גוף |
Independent personal pronoun |
כינוי גוף עצמאי |
Personal suffix |
כינוי חבור |
Possessive pronoun |
כינוי שייכות |
Relative pronoun |
כינוי ויקה |
Interrogative pronoun |
כינוי שאלה |
Prefix |
תחילית |
Suffix |
סופית |
Preposition (Prep.) |
מילת יחס |
Conjunction (conj.) |
מילת חיבור |
Nominal sentence |
משפט שמני |
Relative sentence |
משפט זיקה |
Subordinate Clause |
משפט משועבד |
Conditional sentence |
משפט תנאי |
Determinative |
מגדיר |
Sumerian |
שומרית |
Sumerogram, logogram |
שומרוגרמה, לוגוגרמה |