L2.7: Exercises

A. Semantic Root

What are the radicals of the following verbs:

Example

• damāqum = D-M-Q

1. danānum

   Solution

   D-N-N

2. halāqum

   Solution

   H-L-Q

3. kašādum

   Solution

   K-Š-D

4. mahāṣum

   Solution

   M-H-Ṣ

5. qātum (hand)

   Solution

   Q-T

B. Verbal System

What is the root and the infinitive of the following words?

Example

• mithuṣum = M-H-Ṣ

1. miqtum

   Solution

   M-Q-T

2. naṣbutum

   Solution

   Ṣ-B-T

3. murrapišum

   Solution

   R-P-Š

4. hulqum

   Solution

   H-L-Q

5. kāšidum

   Solution

   K-Š-D

6. dummuqum

   Solution

   D-M-Q

7. šahluhtum

   Solution

   H-L-Q

C. The G Stem

Build the participle and the verbal adjective of the following verbs:

Example

• mahāṣum = māhiṣum; mahṣum

1. nadānum

   Solution

   nādinum; nadnum

2. paqādum

   Solution

   pāqidum; paqdum

3. ṣabātum

   Solution

   ṣābitum; ṣabtum

4. wašābum

   Solution

   wāšibum; wašbum

D. The G Preterite

Translate into Akkadian

Example

• she seized = iṣbat

1. He escaped (halāqum i-class)

   Solution

   ihliq

2. I conquered/arrived (kašādum a/u-class)

   Solution

   akšud

3. you (masc.sing.) stole (šarāqum i-class)

   Solution

   tašriq

4. it became wide (rapāšum i-class)

   Solution

   irpiš

5. they (masc.) improved (damāqum i-class)

   Solution

   idmiqū

Translate into English

Example

• amtam ša šarratim taṣbat = you (masc.sing.) seized the queen’s womanservant

1. huraṣum u kaspum ša wardī ihliqū

   Solution

   The gold and silver of the (male) slaves got lost.

2. ilum īnīn ša mutim imhaṣ

   Solution

   A/The god struck the husband’s eyes

3. bīt awīlim idmiq

   Solution

   The man’s house(hold) improved.

4. narātum ša mātātim irpišā

   Solution

   The rivers of the lands grew wide.

5. aššatum u mārū ša bēlim imraṣū

   Solution

   The lord’s wife and children fell ill.

6. iltum išdīn ša ālim ina qāt šarrim iškun

   Solution

   The goddess placed the foundation(s) of the city under the king’s hand (authority)

7. šumma awīlum mārat awīlim imhaṣ (šumma = when)

   Solution

   When a man beat (preterite) the daughter of (another) man. 👏🏽 Congrats! You just translated a sentence from the Codex Hammurapi.

E. The G Durative

Write in Akkadian

Example

• You (plu.) will hit = tamahhaṣā

1. It is broadening (rapāšum i-class)

   Solution

   irappiš

2. They (masc.) will tear down (naqārum a/u-class)

   Solution

   inaqqarū

3. We reach (kašādum a/u-class)

   Solution

   nikaššad

4. I will be guarding (naṣārum a/u-class)

   Solution

   ana︎ṣṣar

5. They are gathering (pahārum u-class)

   Solution

   ipahharū

Translate into English

Example

• išakkanū = They (plu.) place.

1. ikaššadā

   Solution

   They (fem.) arrive.

2. išarriqū

   Solution

   They steal.

3. iraggum (ragāmum = to shout )

   Solution

   He shouts out.

4. aššassu ul iṣabbatū (aššassu <aššat+šu = his wife; ul = negation )

   Solution

   They will not seize his wife.

5. alammad (lamādum = to learn)

   Solution

   I learn.

F. The G Perfect

Translate into English

Example

• tahtaliq = you (masc.) have gone lost.

1. aštapar

   Solution

   I have sent.

2. iṣṣabat

   Tip

   

   Solution

   She/he has seized.

3. šumma mārum abāšu imtahaṣ, rittašu inakkisū

   (abāšu <abum+šu = his; rittašu <rittum = hand + šu = his)

   Solution

   If a sohn has beaten his father, they will cut his hand.

4. šumma muškēnum lēt muškēnim imtahaṣ, ešeret šiqil kaspam išaqqal

   (muškēnum = citizen; lētum = cheek; ešret šiqil = ten schekels: šaqālum = to pay)

   Solution

   If a citizen has slapped the cheek of (another) citizen, he will pay 10 schekels.