L4.8: III-Weak Verbs
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L4.8: III-Weak Verbs#
There are two groups of III-weaks verbs:
Roots that consist of two consonants and have a long vowel ī or ū
Example
banûm “to build” with ī manûm “to count” with ū
Verbs III-*ʾ that can also be divided into two subgroups:
Verbs III-ʾ of ʾ₁: without coloring a > e.
Verbs III-ʾ of ʾ₃, ʾ₄, ʾ₅: with coloring a > e.
In all Verbs III-weak the originally long vowel shortens in final position:
Example
With ī: ibni < *ibnī “he built”
With ū: imnu < *imnū “hecounted”
With ā: ikla < *iklā “he restrained”
With ē: ešme < *ešmē “he heard”
The transfer from one group to the other is frequent:
Example
imnu and imni “he counted”
Verbs III ī/ē with following a can be contracted or uncontracted:
Example
iqbiam < iqbi-am “he said to me”.
ibniā and ibnâ “They (fem.) built”.
Otherwise contracted:
Example
išemmû < *išemmeū “they hear” ikallû < *ikallaū “they hold back” iqbû <*iqbiū “they said”
The e-class often changes a in neighbouring syllables:
Example
išemme < išamme “he hears” teleqqe < *talaqqe “you take” iqbû <*iqbiū “they said”
Warning
With the addition of endings like the personal suffixes, ventive, etc. the original length of the shortened final vowels is restored:
ibnīšu
ibnīma
išmēma
imnūma
Conjugation of the verbs III-ī#
Durative |
Perfect |
Preterite |
|
---|---|---|---|
3s.c. |
ibanni |
ibtani |
ibni |
2s.m. |
tabanni |
tabtani |
tabni |
2s.f. |
tabannî |
tabtanî |
tabnî |
1s.c. |
abanni |
abtani |
abni |
3pl.m. |
ibannû |
ibtanû |
ibnû |
3pl.f. |
ibinnâ |
ibtanâ |
ibnâ |
2pl.c. |
tabannâ |
tabtanâ |
tabnâ |
1pl.c. |
nibanni |
nibtani |
nibni |
Conjugation of the verbs III-ē#
Durative |
Perfect |
Preterite |
|
---|---|---|---|
3s.c. |
išemme |
išteme |
išme |
2s.m. |
tešemme |
tešteme |
tešme |
2s.f. |
tešemmê/tešemmî |
teštemî/teštemê |
tešmî/tešmê |
1s.c. |
ešemme |
ešteme |
ešme |
3pl.m. |
išemmû |
ištemû |
išmû |
3pl.f. |
išemmeā/išemmâ |
ištemeā/ištemâ |
išmeā/išmâ |
2pl.c. |
tešemmeā/tešemmâ |
teštemeā/teštemâ |
tešmeā/tešmâ |
1pl.c. |
nišemme |
ništeme |
nišme |
Conjugation of the verbs III-ā#
Durative |
Perfect |
Preterite |
|
---|---|---|---|
3s.c. |
ikalla |
iktala |
ikla |
2s.m. |
takalla |
taktala |
takla |
2s.f. |
takallî |
taktalî |
taklî |
1s.c. |
akalla |
aktala |
akla |
3pl.m. |
ikallû |
iktalû |
iklû |
3pl.f. |
ikallâ |
iktalâ |
iklâ |
2pl.c. |
takallâ |
taktalâ |
taklâ |
1pl.c. |
nikalla |
niktala |
nikla |
Conjugation of the verbs III-ū#
Durative |
Perfect |
Preterite |
|
---|---|---|---|
3s.c. |
imannu |
imtanu |
imnu |
2s.m. |
tamannu |
tamtanu* |
tamnu |
2s.f. |
tamannî |
tamtanî |
tamnî |
1s.c. |
amannu |
amtanu |
amnu |
3pl.m. |
imannû |
imtanû |
imnû |
3pl.f. |
imannâ |
imtanâ |
imnâ |
2pl.c. |
tamannâ |
tamtanâ |
tamnâ |
1pl.c. |
nimannu |
nimtanu |
nimnu |
Paradigm of the Verbs III-weaks#
Durative |
Perfect |
Preterite |
Participle |
Infinitve |
Verbal Adjective |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G III-ī |
ibanni |
ibtani |
ibni |
bānû |
banû |
banû |
G III-ē |
išemme |
išteme |
išme |
šēmû |
šemû |
šemû |
G III-ā |
ikalla |
iktala |
ikla |
kālû |
kalû |
kalû |
G III-ū |
imannu |
imtanu |
imnu |
manû |
manû |
kalû |
banû “to build”
šemû “to hear”
kalû “to hold back”
manû “to count”