L2.6: The G Perfect

The perfect is a tense that often corresponds roughly to the English present perfect. It designates actions that have just been completed or the effects of which continue into the present. The perfect is formed with infixed -ta-.

Important

Pattern: Prefix + R₁taR₂vR₃ (+ suffix)

Personal Affixes

The personal affixes for the perfect are the same as the those of the G preterite. 😌

	G-Stem	Example
3s.c.	i-	iptaras
2s.m.	ta-, (te-)	taptaras
2s.f.	ta-, (te-) … -ī	taptarsī
1s.c.	a-, (e-)	aptaras
3pl.m.	i- … -ū	iptarsū
3pl.f.	i- … -ā	iptarsā
2pl.c.	ta-, (te-) … -ā	taptarsā
1pl.c.	ni-, (ne-)	niptaras

Warning

Note that the short vowel a between R₂ and R₃ is not present in those forms with a long vowel after the short one. That is because of the vowel syncope.

Theme vowels

There are the same theme vowels as in the durative:

Theme vowel a/u

	šakānum	Translation
3s.c.	ištakan	She/he/it has placed
2s.m.	taštakan	You (ms) have placed
2s.f.	taštakan	You (fs) have placed
1s.c.	aštakan	I have placed
3pl.m.	ištaknū	They (m) have placed
3pl.f.	ištaknā	They (f) have placed
2pl.c.	taštaknā	You (pl) have placed
1pl.c.	ništakan	We have placed

Theme vowel i

	šarāqum	Translation
3s.c.	ištariq	She/he/it has stolen
2s.m.	taštariq	You (ms) have stolen
2s.f.	taštarqī	You (fs) have stolen
1s.c.	aštariq	I have stolen
3pl.m.	ištarqū	They (m) have stolen
3pl.f.	ištarqā	They (f) have stolen
2pl.c.	taštarqā	You (pl) have stolen
1pl.c.	ništariq	We have stolen

Theme vowel u

	maqātum	Translation
3s.c.	imtaqut	She/he/it has fallen
2s.m.	tamtaqut	You (ms) have fallen
2s.f.	tamtaqtī	You (fs) have fallen
1s.c.	amtaqut	I have fallen
3pl.m.	imtaqtū	They (m) have fallen
3pl.f.	imtaqtī	They (f) have fallen
2pl.c.	tamtaqtā	You (pl) have fallen
1pl.c.	nimtaqut	We have fallen

Warning

If R₁ is d, t, s, ṣ or z (not š), the infix -t- of the Perfect is assimilated to that consonant.

• iddamiq (<*idtamiq)